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In Creating Cistercian Nuns, Anne E. Lester addresses a central issue in the history of the medieval church: the role of women in the rise of the religious reform movement of the thirteenth century. Focusing on the county of Champagne in France, Lester reconstructs the history of the women's religious movement and its institutionalization within the Cistercian order.The common picture of the early Cistercian order is that it was unreceptive to religious women. Male Cistercian leaders often avoided institutional oversight of communities of nuns, preferring instead to cultivate informal relationships of spiritual advice and guidance with religious women. As a result, scholars believed that women who wished to live a life of service and poverty were more likely to join one of the other reforming orders rather than the Cistercians. As Lester shows, however, this picture is deeply flawed. Between 1220 and 1240 the Cistercian order incorporated small independent communities of religious women in unprecedented numbers. Moreover, the order not only accommodated women but also responded to their interpretations of apostolic piety, even as it defined and determined what constituted Cistercian nuns in terms of dress, privileges, and liturgical practice. Lester reconstructs the lived experiences of these women, integrating their ideals and practices into the broader religious and social developments of the thirteenth century-including the crusade movement, penitential piety, the care of lepers, and the reform agenda of the Fourth Lateran Council. The book closes by addressing the reasons for the subsequent decline of Cistercian convents in the fourteenth century. Based on extensive analysis of unpublished archives, Creating Cistercian Nuns will force scholars to revise their understanding of the women's religious movement as it unfolded during the thirteenth century.

Christian religious orders --- Cistercians --- anno 500-1499 --- Champagne-Ardennes --- Cistercian nuns --- Monastic and religious life of women --- Cisterciennes --- Vie religieuse et monastique féminine --- History --- Histoire --- Champagne-Ardenne (France) --- Religious life and customs --- Vie religieuse --- -Monastic and religious life of women --- -271.12-055.2 --- Monastic life --- Monasticism and religious orders for women --- Spiritual life --- Nuns --- -History --- -Cisterciënserinnen --- Christianity --- -Religious life and customs. --- Geschichte 1200-1300. --- Religious life and customs. --- 271.12-055.2 Cisterciënserinnen --- Cisterciënserinnen --- Vie religieuse et monastique féminine --- anno 1200-1299 --- France --- 271.12-055.2 --- Champagne-Ardenne, France --- Champagne (France : Province) --- Grand Est (France) --- Land ownership --- Relationships --- Religion --- Religious communities --- Members of congregations --- Spirituality --- Book

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Christian religious orders --- anno 1800-1999 --- Netherlands --- Monastic and religious life of women --- Monasticism and religious orders for women --- History --- C1 --- religieuzen --- vrouwen --- kloosterleven --- apostolaat --- spiritualiteit --- Nederland [land in werelddeel Europa] --- 19de eeuw (x) --- 20ste eeuw (x) --- Kerken en religie --- 271-055.2 <492> --- 271-055.2 <492> Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Nederland --- Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Nederland --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Women in Christianity --- Convents --- Nuns --- Sisterhoods --- Monastic life --- Spiritual life --- Catholic Church --- Christianity --- Monastic and religious life of women - Netherlands - History - 20th century --- Monastic and religious life of women - Netherlands - History - 19th century --- Monasticism and religious orders for women - Netherlands - History - 20th century --- Monasticism and religious orders for women - Netherlands - History - 19th century --- Healthcare --- Assistance --- Colonialism --- Education --- Development policy --- Psychiatry --- Religious communities --- Members of congregations --- Health care practitioner --- Welfare work --- Book

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In The Garden of Delights, Fiona J. Griffiths offers the first major study of the Hortus deliciarum, a magnificently illuminated manuscript of theology, biblical history, and canon law written both by and explicitly for women at the end of the twelfth century. In so doing she provides a brilliantly persuasive new reading of female monastic culture. Through careful analysis of the contents, structure, and organization of the Hortus, Griffiths argues for women's profound engagement with the spiritual and intellectual vitality of the period on a level previously thought unimaginable, overturning the assumption that women were largely excluded from the "renaissance" and "reform" of this period. As a work of scholarship that drew from a wide range of sources, both monastic and scholastic, the Hortus provides a witness to the richness of women's reading practices within the cloister, demonstrating that it was possible, even late into the twelfth century, for communities of religious women to pursue an educational program that rivaled that available to men. At the same time, the manuscript's reformist agenda reveals how women engaged the pressing spiritual questions of the day, even going so far as to criticize priests and other churchmen who fell short of their reformist ideals.Through her wide-ranging examination of the texts and images of the Hortus, their sources, composition, and function, Griffiths offers an integrated understanding of the whole manuscript, one which highlights women's Latin learning and orthodox spirituality. The Garden of Delights contributes to some of the most urgent questions concerning medieval religious women, the interplay of gender, spirituality, and intellectual engagement, to discussions concerning women scribes and writers, women readers, female authorship and authority, and the visual culture of female communities. It will be of interest to art historians, scholars of women's and gender studies, historians of medieval religion, education, and theology, and literary scholars studying questions of female authorship and models of women's reading.

Herrad of Landsberg --- Christian women --- Vie religieuse et monastique féminine --- Femmes dans le christianisme --- Chrétiennes --- Herrad, --- -Women in Christianity --- -271-055.2 <43> --- 271-055.2 "04/14" --- -Religious life --- -Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Middeleeuwen --- 271-055.2 "04/14" Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Middeleeuwen --- 271-055.2 <43> Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Chrétiennes --- Monastic and religious life of women --- Women in Christianity --- 271-055.2 <43> --- Christianity --- Monastic life --- Monasticism and religious orders for women --- Spiritual life --- Women, Christian --- Women --- Religious life --- History --- Germany --- Church history --- Christian religious orders --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1100-1199 --- Vie religieuse et monastique féminine --- Histoire --- Vie religieuse --- Allemagne --- Histoire religieuse --- Gender Studies. --- History. --- Medieval and Renaissance Studies. --- Women's Studies. --- Religious communities --- Members of congregations --- Writers --- Book